Oxidative stress in maternal milk and cord blood in gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reduced antioxidant defenses may reflect a poor protective response against oxidative stress and this may be implicated in progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia plays a major role in micro and macrovascular complications, which imply endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between GDM and oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, with regard to revealing changes to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) among mothers showing impairments in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 mothers with GDM, and 59 healthy mothers served as controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from all mothers during delivery and breast milk samples on the fifth day after delivery. TAC, TOS, thiol and disulfide levels were measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship between the blood and milk samples could be found. An analysis on correlations between TAC, TOS and certain parameters revealed that there were negative correlations between TOS and total thiol (r = -0.386; P < 0.001) and between TOS and disulfide (r = -0.388; P < 0.001) in milk in the control group. However, these findings were not observed in the study group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a compensatory mechanism of oxidative stress was expected to be present in gestational diabetes mellitus and that this might be ameliorated through good glycemic regulation and antioxidant supplementation.

Effect of hemodiafiltration combined with Jinshuibao tablet on serum inflammatory factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of hemodiafiltration combined with Jinshuibao tablet on serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indices in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods:A total of 86 patients with diabetic nephropathy who received treatment in The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng from April 2019 to April 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either hemodiafiltration (control group, n = 42) or hemodiafiltration combined with Jinshuibao tablet (observation group, n = 44). Microinflammatory state, oxidative stress index level, renal function and nutritional status were compared between the two groups. Results:Before treatment, serum interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the control group were (30.13 ± 3.25) ng/L, (9.43 ± 2.57) mg/L, (46.69 ± 3.54) ng/L respectively, and they were (30.16 ± 3.34) ng/L, (9.48 ± 2.65) mg/L, (46.73 ± 3.38) ng/L respectively in the observation group. There were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, serum interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the control group were (16.69 ± 2.73) ng/L, (8.12 ± 2.21) mg/L, (35.63 ± 2.75) ng/L, respectively, and they were (12.34 ± 2.52) ng/L, (6.47 ± 1.53) mg/L, (26.65 ± 2.13) ng/L, respectively in the observation group. After treatment, serum interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (control group: t = 20.52, 2.50, 15.99; observation group: t = 27.60, 6.16, 32.57, all P < 0.05). After treatment, serum interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 7.68, 4.04, 16.97, all P < 0.05). Before treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the control group were (5.63 ± 1.36) nmol/L, (63.38 ± 7.56) mU/L, and (195.96 ± 26.36) IU/L, respectively, while those in the observation group were (5.68 ± 1.25) nmol/L, (63.25 ± 7.38) mU/L, and (195.83 ± 26.27) IU/L, respectively. There were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the control group were (4.83 ± 1.13) nmol/L, (83.46 ± 5.75) mU/L and (236.69 ± 18.75) IU/L respectively, while those in the observation group were (4.24 ± 0.86) nmol/L, (88.75 ± 5.47) mU/L and (258.76 ± 15.47) IU/L, respectively. After treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in each group were superior to those before treatment (control group: t = 2.93, 13.70, 8.16, P = 0.002, < 0.001, < 0.001; observation group: t = 6.15, 17.99, 13.37, all P < 0.001). After treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the observation group were superior to those in the control group ( t = 2.73, 4.37, 5.96, P = 0.004, < 0.001, < 0.001). After treatment, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and 24-hour urine protein in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 7.85, 8.71, 2.06, P < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.021), and creatinine clearance rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = 3.01, P = 0.002). Total protein, prealbumin and albumin levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 9.47, 12.13, 6.18, all P < 0.001). Conclusion:Hemodiafiltration combined with Jinshuibao tablet for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy has a positive effect on microinflammatory state and oxidative stress index level and improves patient's renal function and nutritional status.

Correlación entre el grado de hipertensión arterial y el índice de estrés oxidativo. Estudio de cohorte en una población de pacientes hipertensos sistémicos en República Dominicana / Correlation between the arterial hypertension degree and oxidative stress index. Cohort study in a population of systemic hypertensive patients in Dominican Republic

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las mayores cargas de enfermedad y riesgo para infarto cardíaco, la insuficiencia cardíaca y el fallo renal. Se reconoce que el estrés oxidativo (EO) es un determinante en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el progreso de la HTA. Se determinó el índice de EO (IEO) en individuos con HTA y en un grupo sano control, para evaluar su posible correlación. Materiales y métodos: se midió IEO en una población de 112 individuos con HTA de distintos grados entre 50 y 70 años escogidos al azar y se comparó con los valores de un grupo control de voluntarios sanos, con la intención de definir el grado de correlación entre los niveles del IEO y la severidad de HTA, mediante la medición de biomarcadores para el EO en lisado de eritrocitos. Resultados: a pesar de que los beneficios de la terapia antioxidante (TAO) no han sido definitivamente probadas, en gran parte porque las enfermedades complejas no dependen de un solo componente fisiopatogénico, el EO sigue siendo una piedra angular en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el empeoramiento de los cuadros clínicos de muchos padecimientos. La demostración de biomarcardores específicos mejora la posibilidad de una TAO dirigida. El presente ensayo demostró que la edad, el género y la etnia no influyen en el IEO y que el EO fue severo en los casos de HTA iii, moderado en HTA ii y estuvo ausente en el subgrupo con HTA grado i. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren una relación entre los niveles de EO y severidad de HTA y sustenta evidencias para diseñar nuevos ensayos clínicos que evalúen la eficacia de una TAO adyuvante en el manejo de la HTA

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AHT) is one of the major burdens of disease and risk for cardiac infarction, heart failure and renal failure. It is recognized that the oxidative stress (OS) is a determining factor in the development of complications and the progress of the AHT. OS Index (OSI) in individuals with AHT and a healthy control group, was determined to assess their possible correlation. Methods: OSI was measured in a population of 112 individuals with AHT of different levels between 50 and 70 years old, chosen at random and compared with the values of healthy volunteers control group with the aim of defining the degree of correlation between the levels of the OSI and the AHT severity, by measuring biomarkers for OS in a red cell lysate. Discussion: Despite the benefits of an antioxidant therapy (AOT) have not been definitely proven, largely because the complex diseases do not depend on a single pathophysiological component, OS remains as a cornerstone in the development of complications and the worsening of the clinical pictures of many ailments. The demonstration of specific biomarkers improve the possibility of an addressed AOT. This trial showed th at the age, gender and ethnicity do not influence the OSI and that OS was severe in HTA iii cases, moderate in HTA ii cases and was absent in the subgroup with HTA i. Conclusions: These results suggest a relationship between levels of EO and severity of hypertension and support evidence to design new clinical trials assessing the efficacy of an adjuvant AOT in the management of HTA

Effect of astragalus polysacharin on bone resorption in experimental periodontitis / 中草药

Objective To analyze the effect of astragalus polysacharin (APC) on bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, and evaluate its protective function of inflammatory resorption of alveolar bone in periodontits. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: contorol group, model group, and APC low [LD: 100 mg/(kg∙d)], medium [MD: 200 mg/(kg∙d)], and high dose [HD: 500 mg/(kg∙d)] treatment groups. The periodontitis models were established through Porphyromonas gingivalis attracting. APC [LD: 100 mg/(kg∙d); MD: 200 mg/(kg∙d); HD: 500 mg/(kg∙d)] gavage was given to treatment groups, and the same amount of normal saline was given to control and model groups. The rats executed after four weeks, their CEJ-ABC distance (CAD) and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TOS, TAS, RANKL, OPG in their serum was evaluated, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results As APC amount increased, CAD, TOS, and OSI levels were declined significantly; While TAS, RANKL, RANKL/OPG levels were improved significantly; There was no significantly change on IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and OPG levesl among groups. Conclusion APC prevents alveolar bone from oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by down-regulating OSI and RANKL/OPG.

Evaluation of Oxidative Status in Patients Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy

OBJECTIVE: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of many psychiatric diseases and this therapy may be effective on antioxidant defence system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ECT on oxidative stress. METHODS: Fourteen major depression, 11 schizophrenia and 8 bipolar affective disorder patients diagnosed and received ECT treatment, and 37 healthy volunteers enrolled in the study. ECT was applied to all patients. Before ECT, after the first and last ECTs, serum samples were obtained. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and calculated oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in patients before and after ECTs. RESULTS: TOS values before ECT were higher in major depression (p=0.005) and schizophrenia (p=0.001) groups compared to the control group. TAS values were lower in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.004), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.004) groups compared to the controls. Also OSI values were higher in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.001), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.009) groups compared to healthy group. After the last ECT, TOS values were significantly lower compared to TOS values before ECT in major depression (p=0.004) and schizophrenia patients (p=0.004). TAS values after the first ECT were higher compared to values before ECT in major depression patients (p=0.004). After last ECT, OSI values were significantly lower compared to before ECT in schizophrenia patients (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: As a result, it can be said that ECT did not increase oxidative stress. However, further studies with more patients are needed.

Paraoxonase Activity and Oxidative Status in Patients with Tinnitus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxanase-1 (PON) activity, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) in tinnitus; and to compare the results with data from healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 114 subjects-54 patients with tinnitus and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum PON activity, TOS, TAS, and OSI levels were measured. RESULTS: In the tinnitus group, TAS, and PON were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001). However, the TOS, and OSI levels were significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the data obtained from the present study, patients with tinnitus were exposed to potent oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the key contributing factor to the pathogenesis of tinnitus.

Dietary Pattern and Antioxidants Levels in Patients with Simple Goiter and Thyroid Cancer.

Background /Aims: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer and simple goiter among other diseases however; there has not been a direct comparison of the severity of the stress factor in these two conditions in relation to their dietary pattern in our environment. Objective: This study assessed oxidative stress indices, antioxidant status and dietary pattern in thyroid cancer and simple goiter compared with the controls. Study Design: This is a case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Study groups were recruited from the Departments of Surgery and Nuclear medicine of University of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State respectively between March 2013 and September 2013. Materials and Methodology: A total number of one hundred and five (105) age matched participants consisting of 88 females and 17 males were recruited for this study. They were divided into 3 groups; Group one 35 participants with thyroid cancer and group two, 35 participants with simple goiter and group three, 35 control participants. Plasma levels malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total plasma peroxide (TPP) were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant status was determined by measuring total antioxidant potential (TAP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) by colorimetric methods. Selenium (Se) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).Oxidative stress index (OSI) was measured and all values expressed as mean ± SD, while frequency of intake of various dietary sources of the participants were collated. Results: TAP, SOD, GPx, GSH and GST (antioxidants) levels in group 1 (552.17±74.67; 1.30±0.32; 1.91±0.23; 4.47±0.59; 0.92±0.25; 1.28±0.04 respectively) were significantly lower than group 3 (933.51±80.15; 2.85±0.39; 5.40±0.76; 8.34±1.12; 2.11±0.31). While the mean plasma levels of antioxidants in group 2 (704.74±62.22; 2.01±0.27; 4.62±0.89; 6.19± 0.56; 1.47± 0.14 and 1.40±0.04) were significantly higher than that of group 1. However, significant increase was observed in mean levels of oxidative stress markers; TPP, MDA, H2O2 and OSI, in group 1 (16.24±2.52, 13.88±2.95, 13.52±6.91 and 2.93±1.40 respectively) compared to group 3 (4.57±1.32, 3.22±1.20, 3.01±0.86 and 0.48±0.14). Oxidative stress markers in group 2 (9.79±1.40, 5.90±1.13, 3.81±1.40 and 1.62±0.23) were significantly lower than group 1. A p - value <0.05 was considered significant. Majority of the control participants consumed fruits and vegetables (sources of exogenous antioxidants) regularly more than the test groups Conclusion: The study reported higher oxidative stress markers; oxidative stress index and lower antioxidant status in study subjects compared to controls .Oxidative stress appeared more marked in thyroid malignancy than the benign thyroid disease state. Adequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables could be beneficial for thyroid cancer patients.